Java Collections Interview questions

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1. Java Collection hierarchy ?
   
   

2. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList ?
   
   

   Array List	Linked List
   ArrayList uses a dynamic array.	LinkedList uses doubly linked list.
   ArrayList is not efficient for manipulation because a lot of shifting is required.	LinkedList is efficient for manipulation.
   ArrayList is better to store and fetch data.	LinkedList is better to manipulate data.



3. What is the difference between List and Set?
   
   List can contain duplicate elements whereas Set contains only unique elements.


4. What is the difference between ArrayList and Vector ?
   
   

   Array List	Vector
   ArrayList is not synchronized.	Vector is synchronized.
   ArrayList is not a legacy class.	Vector is a legacy class.
   ArrayList increases its size by 50% of the array size.	Vector increases its size by doubling the array size.



5. What is the difference between Iterator and ListIterator ?
   
   

   Iterator	ListIterator
   Iterator traverses the elements in forward direction only.	ListIterator traverses the elements in backward and forward directions both.
   Iterator can be used in List, Set and Queue.	LinkedList is efficient for manipulation.
   ArrayList is better to store and fetch data.	ListIterator can be used in List only.



6. What is the difference between HashSet and TreeSet?
   
   HashSet maintains no order whereas TreeSet maintains ascending order.


7. What is the difference between Iterator and Enumeration ?
   
   

   Iterator	Enumeration
   Iterator can traverse legacy and non-legacy elements.	Enumeration can traverse only legacy elements.
   Iterator is fail-fast.	Enumeration is not fail-fast.
   Iterator is slower than Enumeration.	Enumeration is faster than Iterator.



8. What is the difference between Set and Map ?
   
   Set contains values only whereas Map contains key and values both.


9. What is the difference between HashMap and Hashtable ?
   
   

   HashMap	Hashtable
   HashMap is not synchronized.	Hashtable is synchronized.
   Iterator is fail-fast.	Enumeration is not fail-fast.
   HashMap can contain one null key and multiple null values.	Hashtable cannot contain any null key or null value.



10. What is the difference between HashSet and HashMap?
    
    HashSet contains only values whereas HashMap contains entry(key,value). HashSet can be iterated but HashMap need to convert into Set to be iterated.


11. What is the difference between Comparable and Comparator ?
    
    

    Comparable	Comparator
    Comparable provides only one sort of sequence.	Comparator provides multiple sort of sequences.
    It provides one method named compareTo().	It provides one method named compare().
    It is found in java.lang package.	it is found in java.util package.
    If we implement Comparable interface, actual class is modified.	Actual class is not modified.



12. What is the difference between HashMap and TreeMap?
    
    HashMap maintains no order but TreeMap maintains ascending order.


13. What is the difference between Collection and Collections?
    
    Collection is an interface whereas Collections is a class.
    Collection interface provides normal functionality of data structure to List, Set and Queue.
    But, Collections class is to sort and synchronize collection elements.


14. What is the advantage of Properties file?
    
    If you change the value in properties file, you don't need to recompile the java class. So, it makes the application easy to manage.


15. What does the hashCode() method?
    
    The hashCode() method returns a hash code value (an integer number).
    The hashCode() method returns the same integer number, if two keys (by calling equals() method) are same.
    But, it is possible that two hash code numbers can have different or same keys.


16. Why we override equals() method?
    
    The equals method is used to check whether two objects are same or not.
    It needs to be overridden if we want to check the objects based on property.
    

    For example, Employee is a class that has 3 data members: id, name and salary. But, we want to check the equality of employee object on the basis of salary. Then, we need to override the equals() method.



17. What is the advantage of generic collection?
    
    If we use generic class, we don't need typecasting. It is typesafe and checked at compile time.


18. What is hash-collision in Hashtable and how it is handled in Java?
    
    Two different keys with the same hash value is known as hash-collision.
    Two different entries will be kept in a single hash bucket to avoid the collision.


19. What is the Dictionary class?
    
    The Dictionary class provides the capability to store key-value pairs.


20. What is the default size of load factor in hashing based collection?
    
    The default size of load factor is 0.75. The default capacity is computed as initial capacity * load factor.
    For example, 16 * 0.75 = 12. So, 12 is the default capacity of Map.


21. How to synchronize List, Set and Map elements?
    
    Yes, Collections class provides methods to make List, Set or Map elements as synchronized:
    
    • public static List synchronizedList(List l){}
    • public static Set synchronizedSet(Set s){}
    • public static SortedSet synchronizedSortedSet(SortedSet s){}
    • public static Map synchronizedMap(Map m){}
    • public static SortedMap synchronizedSortedMap(SortedMap m){}

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